大脑老化与年龄 Ageing and the brain.pdf

84 REVIEW Ageing and the brain R Peters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Postgrad Med J 2006;82:84–88. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2005.036665 Ageing causes changes to the brain size, vasculature, and contributes to the changes in an ageing brain cognition. The brain shrinks with increasing age and there and that it may be related to sex with different areas most affected in men and women.7 are changes at all levels from molecules to morphology. Additionly, there may be changes in dentritic Incidence of stroke, white matter lesions, and dementia arbour, spines, and synapses. Dendritic sprouting also rise with age, as does level of memory impairment may occur thus maintaining a similar number of 5 4 synapses and compensating for any cell death. and there are changes in levels of neurotransmitters and Conversely a decrease in dendritic synapses or hormones. Protective factors that reduce cardiovascular loss of synaptic plasticity has also been risk, namely regular exercise, a healthy diet, and low to