在罂粟Benzylisoquinoline生物碱合成.pdfVIP

Planta (2014) 240:19–32 DOI 10.1007/s00425-014-2056-8 RevIew Benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in opium poppy Guillaume A. W. Beaudoin · Peter J. Facchini Received: 6 December 2013 / Accepted: 5 March 2014 / Published online: 27 March 2014 © Springer-verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 Abstract Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) is one of Introduction the world’s oldest medicinal plants and remains the only commercial source for the narcotic analgesics morphine, Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) is an ancient medici- codeine and semi-synthetic derivatives such as oxycodone nal plant that remains the only commercial source of the and naltrexone. The plant also produces several other ben- narcotic analgesics morphine, codeine and semi-synthetic zylisoquinoline alkaloids with potent pharmacological analogs including oxycodone, hydrocodone, buprenorphine properties including the vasodilator papaverine, the cough and naltrexone (Berényi et al. 2009). Other pharmaceuti- suppressant and potential anticancer drug noscapine and cally important benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) found the antimicrobial agent sanguinarine. Opium poppy has in opium poppy include the antimicrobial agent sanguinar- served as a model system to investigate the biosynthesis ine, the muscle relaxant papaverine and the cough-suppres- of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids in plants. The application sant and potential anticancer drug noscapine. The ~2,500 of biochemical and functional genomics has resulted in a known BIAs represent a diverse group of nitrogen-contain- recent surge in the discovery of biosynthetic genes involved ing specialized metabolites found mainly in the basal eud- in the