Lecture9被动态概要.ppt

Lecture 9 被动态 “态”(Voice)是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动态(Active Voice)；如果主语是动作的承受着，动词便用被动态(Passive Voice)。例如： The man killed the lion. The lion was killed by the man. 1. 被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。被动语态的各种时态形式见下表： Electricity is used to run machines. (电被用于驱动机器) This railway line will have been completed by next October. (这条铁路将于十月份以前竣工。) A big reservoir is being built in my hometown. (我的家乡正在建造一个大水库。) 注意： （1）被动语态不用于将来进行体和各种完成进行体。 （2）含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态时，用“情态动词(can, may, must等)+be+过去分词”构成。如： This machine must be operated with care. 这台机器必须小心操作。 含有“be going to”，“be to”等结构的谓语，变成被动语态时，分别用“be going +to be+过去分词”和“be+to be+过去分词”。例如： The problem is going to be discussed at the meeting. 这个问题将在会上讨论。 The meeting is to be held on the 10th of October. 这个会议将于十月十日举行。 2. 被动语态与基本句型 1)英语简单句的五种基本句型 英语中的简单句概括起来有以下五种结构，也就是说，在英语中，除了有there be句型以外，任何一个简单句的结构必然属于其中的一种。 (1)主+动(S+V) Everybody laughed. The guests have arrived. The children are sleeping. (2)主+动+宾(SVO) I want a ticket. Nobody could answer the question. (3)主+动+补(SVC)，也叫主+动+表(SVP)，在这种结构中谓语动词通常是连系动词(Linking Verb) The cat is mine. These flowers smell fragrant. All the tourists seemed pleased. (4)主+动+宾+补(SVOC) We made him our spokesman. They elected him president. They painted the walls white. (5)主+动+宾（间接）+宾（直接）(SVOiOd) I sent him a telegram. Mary lent me her car. David showed me the way. 2)能够用于被动语态的句型 被动语态的主语，作为动作的承受者，是由主动语态的宾语转换而来的。不及物动词，不可跟宾语，因此没有被动语态。在五种基本句型中，能够用于被动语态的有三种： 主+动+宾(SVO) 主+动+宾+补(SVOC) 主+动+宾（间接）+宾（直接）(SVOiOd) a)主+动+宾(SVO)结构 People grow rice in the south. Rice is grown in the south. b)主+动+宾+补(SVOC)结构 We elected him chairman of the club. He was elected chairman of the club. The teacher asked the students to write a composition. The students are asked to write a composition (by the teacher). Tom painted the door blue. The door was painted bl