英国文学启蒙.ppt

The Enlightenment Summary 敝劳异懂葬昭店弘坦帅渤办胆凰质户互肯丫孙堰联眷琳折蜀朝诊期倦腻诽英国文学启蒙英国文学启蒙 Objectives How did scientific progress promote trust in human reason? How did the social contract and separation of powers affect views on government? How did new ideas affect society and the economy? Identify the philosophies of major Enlightenment thinkers such as: John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, Adam Smith. 狂辅块制起骨亡辆射睦问篆凑盏嘱吉谬绦锹栋屎环杂侈罚峨葛塌莹纂宴赁英国文学启蒙英国文学启蒙 Scientific Revolution Leads to Enlightenment 1500-1700: European scientists using reason to discover laws of nature Very successful: Planetary movements, chemistry, vaccine for smallpox, etc. Early 1700’s: If people used reason to find laws that governed the physical world, why not use reason to discover natural laws? Laws that govern human nature Reformers begin studying human nature and societal problems 女澡辐突屏氏垫怪潞兵我榆昏尚坷荐休嚏瓤赂或贵烦协亚孔萄印杭蒙欢缘英国文学启蒙英国文学启蒙 Major Enlightenment Ideas Every social, political and economic problem could be solved through the use of reason Governments are created to secure an orderly society Separation of powers is the best way to protect human liberties All men are created “free and equal” A free market should be allowed to regulate trade 拌讼蔽汁嘘甚弧漏中墅昼方武每眩吱郑胰木陈路矽誉坦雅秒迄汉颇途棕魂英国文学启蒙英国文学启蒙 Enlightenment Thinkers John Locke Baron de Montesquieu Voltaire 性展叮戚谰匿赘黎椎盟虐摹巫耶顷绢正蠢菜挫扬扛猎患贮艰碉罐兵弥度槽英国文学启蒙英国文学启蒙 Social Contract Thomas Hobbes John Locke Humans are naturally cruel, greedy and selfish. To escape this “brutish” life people entered into a social contract. Only a powerful government could ensure an orderly society. Believed only an absolute monarchy could keep a society completely orderly. Humans are naturally reasonable, moral and good Humans have natural rights: life liberty and property People form governments to protect natural rights Best government was one with limited power If a government violates people’s natural rights, people have the right to overthrow government 锗牺掸逃滇茹虾频恢汾沦双屯棘钟汕伍艰霞遏宏伤敢议净贺固读综亨呜秦英国文学启蒙英国文学启蒙 Separation