第四章 影响药物作用的因素（Chapter fourth factors affecting the effects of drugs）.docVIP

第四章 影响药物作用的因素（Chapter fourth factors affecting the effects of drugs） The fourth chapter is about the factors that affect the action of drugs Understand the factors that affect the function of the drugs and the factors in the body. Individual difference: the drug response varies with people, and the same dose of a certain drug may not achieve the same blood concentration in different patients, and the same blood concentration may not all achieve the same efficacy. The causes include drug dosage forms, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical pathology. If these factors are not understood, it is difficult to achieve the maximum curative effect and the least response treatment without considering the specific conditions of the patients and without considering how to adjust them. Section 1 Factors in medicine I. drug dosage forms 1. the same drug may have different dosage forms, suitable for different routes of administration. 2. the absorption rate of different routes of administration is different, intravenous injection (faster), inhalation intramuscular injection subcutaneous injection oral anus sticking. 3. biological equivalent, that is, the same pharmaceutical equivalent, the strength of the efficacy is not equal. Therefore, it is necessary to use different doses of drugs to achieve the same blood concentration dose ratio as a comparison standard. Different dosage forms should be differentiated when applied. Nitroglycerin intravenous injection of 5~10 mu g, sublingual spindle 0.2 ~ 0.4mg, oral 2.5 ~ 5mg, paste 10mg, dose difference is greater. 4. sustained release preparations use no pharmacological active matrix or coating to prevent the dissolution of the drug rapidly, so as to achieve a relatively stable and lasting efficacy. Oral sustained-release tablets or capsules can maintain an effective serum level once a day. Parenteral administration, in addition to the general oil soluble long-acting injection. 5. controlled release formulations can cont