奇妙的人造金属（Wonderful artificial metal）.doc

奇妙的人造金属（Wonderful artificial metal） In our memory, plastics are non-conductive insulators, plastic wires, wrapping and plastic plugs, sockets, and many electrical plastic housings are made of plastic insulation. Is it possible to make plastics a good conductor of electricity? scientists have been exploring for a long time. In the late 80s and early 70s, the study made a breakthrough. In 1977, chemists at the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Tsukuba in Japan found that polyacetylene doped with halogens had a very high electrical conductivity at room temperature. The results show that many of the polymers with conjugated double bonds are conductive because the carriers migrate under the action of an electric field. So, how does the conductive polymer material conduct electricity? It turns out to be linear polymer, and the conjugated system on the main molecular chain is at work. You know, in organic compounds, when the carbon between the double bond and single covalent bond alternately, the formation of a conjugated electron to form the common overlapping molecular electronic belt, the conjugated electron as carrier conduction current. With the increase of the number of pi electrons, the covalent electron band and the conduction band spacing which can participate in the conduction decrease, and the carrier density increases, which leads to the increase of the conductivity of polymers. The conductive metal is isotropic, and conductive polymer material is anisotropic, the conductivity along the polymer chain direction especially; conductivity of common metal, and increases with decreasing temperature, and the conductive plastics on the contrary, with the temperature increasing. These differences are important both in theory and in practice. The new type of conductive plastic is called plastic metal. Its appearance has aroused great interest. Because of its electrical conductivity and light weight, it was quickly applied to new technologies. The Some peop