蚜虫寄主专化型及其成因-昆虫生态试验室-南京农业大学.PDF

( ) 昆 虫 学 报 Acta Entomologica Sinica , August 2004 , 47 4 : 499 - 506 ISSN 蚜虫寄主专化型及其成因 刘向东 , 张孝羲 , 翟保平 (南京农业大学植保学院 , 农业部病虫监测与治理重点开放实验室 , 南京　210095) 摘要 : 综述了蚜虫寄主专化型产生的可能原因。蚜虫寄主专化型的形成在生态学水平上主要与蚜虫对寄主的选择识别能力、 ( ) 天敌作用、其他共生 共存 生物作用、抗药性等有关 ;并且具有一定的遗传基础 ,主要表现在蚜虫体内酶系的变化、染色体变 异、有性繁殖中同型交配行为及种群的遗传分化上。但是对某种寄主专化型蚜虫而言 ,其具体的成因尚不明确。 关键词 : 蚜虫 ; 寄主专化型 ; 选择能力 ; 遗传分化 ( ) 中图分类号: Q968 　　文献标识码 : A 　　文章编号 : 2004 Host biotypes and their formation causes in aphids LIU Xiang-Dong , ZHANG Xiao- Xi , ZHAI Bao- Ping ( College of Plant Protection , Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Diseases and Insects of the Ministry of Agriculture of China , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China) Abstract : The possible causes of the formation of aphid host biotypes were reviewed. In ecological levels , the formation is mainly related with the selection capacity to host plants , the natural enemies , the symbionts (coexists) and resistance to insecticides , and so on. The host biotypes have their genetic bases , including the mutation or change in enzymes and chromosomes , sexual reproduction , assortive mating and genetic differentiation of population. But the detailed causes for a certain host biotype in aphids were poorly understood at present. Key words : Aphid ; host biotype ; selection capacity ; genetic differentiation 　　寄主专化性在植物、动物和微生物中普遍存在 蚜虫种群产生寄主专化性的可能原因。 (Callaway et al . ,2002 ;刘向东等 ,2002 ,2003) 。多食 ( ) 性昆虫对某一 类 寄主存在特定的喜好性 ,如莲守 1 　蚜虫寄主专化型的表现 瓜 Galerucella nymphaeae 存在两个寄主宗 ,其一生活 在睡莲科植物上 ,其