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climate characteristics over southern highlands tanzania在坦桑尼亚南部高地气候特征.pdf

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climate characteristics over southern highlands tanzania在坦桑尼亚南部高地气候特征

Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, 2012, 2, 454-463 /10.4236/acs.2012.24039 Published Online October 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/acs) Climate Characteristics over Southern Highlands Tanzania Yassin Mbululo1,2, Fatuma Nyihirani3 1School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China 2Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania 3Mzumbe University, Morogoro, Tanzania Email: ymbululo@ Received June 24, 2012; revised July 28, 2012; accepted August 9, 2012 ABSTRACT This study was conducted to examine the climate characteristic of southern highland Tanzania (Latitude 6˚S - 12˚S and Longitude 29˚E - 38˚E). The study findings reveal that rainfall over the region is linked with SST over the Indian Ocean, where warmer (cooler) western Indian Ocean is accompanied by high (low) amount of rainfall over Tanzania. During wet (dry) years, weaker (stronger) equatorial westerlies and anticyclone (cyclonic) anomaly over the southern tropics act to reduce (enhance) the export of equatorial moisture away from East Africa. The wettest (driest) season was found to be 1978/79 (1999/00) which can be classified as the severely wet (moderate drought). Two different modes of rainfall have been identified at time scale of 1.5 and 6 years which have been associated with the quasi biennial oscillation (QBO) and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), respectively. Keywords: Tanzania; Climate Characteristics; Dominant Periodicity Mode 1. Introduction tion to regional and remote atmospheric and oceano- graphic parameters ha