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detection the spectrum holes in the primary bandwidth of the cognitive radio systems in presence noise and attenuation检测频谱空穴的主要认知无线电系统的带宽存在噪声和衰减.pdf

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detection the spectrum holes in the primary bandwidth of the cognitive radio systems in presence noise and attenuation检测频谱空穴的主要认知无线电系统的带宽存在噪声和衰减

Int. J. Communications, Network and System Sciences, 2012, 5, 684-690 / 10.4236/ijcns.2012.510071 Published Online October 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/ijcns) Detection the Spectrum Holes in the Primary Bandwidth of the Cognitive Radio Systems in Presence Noise and Attenuation Ahmed S. Kadhim, Haider M. AlSabbagh Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Basra University, Basra, Iraq Email: a.kadim@, haidermaw@ Received July 23, 2012; revised August 20, 2012; accepted September 3, 2012 ABSTRACT Cognitive Radio (CR) and Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) represent two complementary developments that will re- fashion the world of wireless communication. In order to investigate the roles of knowledge representation and reason- ing technologies in this domain, we have developed an experimental cognitive radio simulation environment. That is, a conventional radio when operating in a particular communications mode always follows the same procedure and either succeeds or fails at a given task. A cognitive radio, by contrast, can use knowledge of radio technology and policy, rep- resentations of goals, and other contextual parameters to reason about a failed attempt to satisfy a goal and attempt al- ternate courses of action depending upon the circumstances. Keywords: Cognitive Radio (CR); Power Spectral Density (PSD); Primary User (PU); Secondary User (SU) 1. Introduction trum also take the effect of noise and attenuation on the spectrum. Most of today’s radio systems are not aware of their ra- This pap