developmental origins of type 2 diabetes in aboriginal youth in canada it is more than diet and exercise2型糖尿病的发展起源在加拿大原住民青年比饮食和锻炼.pdfVIP

Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism Volume 2012, Article ID 127452, 7 pages doi:10.1155/2012/127452 Review Article Developmental Origins of Type 2 Diabetes in Aboriginal Youth in Canada: It Is More Than Diet and Exercise Kyle Millar1 and Heather J. Dean1, 2 1 Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3E 0Z2 2 Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3E 0Z2 Correspondence should be addressed to Heather J. Dean, hdean@hsc.mb.ca Received 4 July 2011; Accepted 15 November 2011 Academic Editor: Tommy Cederholm Copyright © 2012 K. Millar and H. J. Dean. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is classically viewed as a disease of adults caused by poor nutrition, physical inactivity, and obesity. However, with increasing awareness of the heterogeneity of T2DM, new risk factors are being identified that add complexity. Some of these new risk factors have been identified in Canadian people with Aboriginal Oji-Cree heritage, a group that demonstrates one of the highest rates of T2DM in the world. This high prevalence may be due to the rapid change, over the past 50 years, away from their traditional way of life on the land. Another environmental change is the increased rate of pregnancies complicated by obesity, gestational diabetes, or T2DM, resulting in more children being exposed to an abnormal intrauterine environment. Furthermore, the Oji-Cree of central Canada possesses the unique HNF-1α G319S polymorphism associated with reduced insulin secretion.