autotaxin its role in biology of melanoma cells and as a pharmacological targetautotaxin黑色素瘤细胞的生物学作用和药理的目标.pdfVIP

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autotaxin its role in biology of melanoma cells and as a pharmacological targetautotaxin黑色素瘤细胞的生物学作用和药理的目标.pdf

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autotaxin its role in biology of melanoma cells and as a pharmacological targetautotaxin黑色素瘤细胞的生物学作用和药理的目标

SAGE-Hindawi Access to Research Enzyme Research Volume 2011, Article ID 194857, 5 pages doi:10.4061/2011/194857 Review Article Autotaxin: Its Role in Biology of Melanoma Cells and as a Pharmacological Target Maciej Jankowski1, 2 1 Department of Therapy Monitoring and Pharmacogenetics, Medical University of Gda´nsk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gda´nsk, Poland 2 Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 80-211 Gda´nsk, Poland Correspondence should be addressed to Maciej Jankowski, majank@.pl Received 29 August 2010; Accepted 12 January 2011 Academic Editor: Jun-Mo Yang Copyright © 2011 Maciej Jankowski. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Autotaxin (ATX) is an extracellular lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD) released from normal cells and cancer cells. Activity of ATX is detected in various biological ﬂuids. The lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is the main product of ATX. LPA acting through speciﬁc G protein-coupled receptors (LPA -LPA ) aﬀects immunological response, normal development, and malignant tumors’ formation 1 6 and progression. In this review, the impact of autotoxin on biology of melanoma cells and potential treatment is discussed. 1. Biochemistry and Structure of Autotoxin sphingosine kinases and transported through ATP-binding cassette transporter [ 15, 16]. ATX hydrolyzes also ATP; Autotaxin, ATX (E.C. 9), is a member of the family of however, aﬃnity to A