英语报刊文章选读期末试题A卷.docVIP

内蒙古大学本科通识教育公共选修课之《英语报刊文章选读》期末考试试题 （A卷） 序号_______学号____________姓名___________专业__________ 年级________ 补考标记 □ （请把答案写在答题纸上,写在试卷上无效） I. Reading comprehension. (20%) How McNuggets Changed The World The story of fast food: Yes, you are what you eat By Amanda Spake Fed up with carhops, broken glassware, and rowdy teenage customers, Richard and Maurice McDonald opened McDonald’s restaurant in 1948 at the site of the former San Bernardino drive-in. To attract families driving California’s new freeways, they topped their building with eye-catching golden neon arches. Hamburgers, cheese-burgers, French fries, milkshakes, and sodas, sold in paper wrappers and cups, were the only menu items. Each 15-cent burger came with ketchup, onions, mustard, and two pickles, and food preparation was driven into simple, repetitive tasks. One worker grilled burgers, another put on condiments, one wrapped food, one made fries and shakes, others took orders. With the principles of the assembly line added to the commercial kitchen, fast food was born, and with it a new way of life. “Fast food has had an enormous impact not only on our eating habits but on our economy, our culture, and our values,” says Eric Schlosser, author of Fast Food Nation, out this month. On any given day, about one quarter of U.S. adults visit a fast-food restaurant. The typical American now eats three hamburgers and four orders of French fries each week. Thirty years ago Americans spent about $ 6 billion on fast food; in 2000 they spent over $ 110 billion, more than on higher education, personal computers, or new cars. Let’s eat! McDonald’s, of course, primarily owes its success to Ray Kroc, who showed up at the Speedee Service selling milkshake mixing machines in 1954. Kroc had a vision: a McDonald’s at every corner in every town in America. Soon, he made a deal to franchise the eateries. Low labor costs became his key to keeping prices down. “McDonald’s pioneered a sector of service employment — part-time, low-wage jobs,