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Hindawi Publishing Corporation Clinical and Developmental Immunology Volume 2012, Article ID 808157, 14 pages doi:10.1155/2012/808157 Review Article Shining a Light on Intestinal Traffic Carola T. Murphy, Kenneth Nally, Fergus Shanahan, and Silvia Melgar Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland Correspondence should be addressed to Silvia Melgar, s.melgar@ucc.ie Received 30 June 2011; Accepted 7 September 2011 Academic Editor: Donna-Marie McCafferty Copyright © 2012 Carola T. Murphy et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is associated with enhanced leukocyte infiltration to the gut, which is directly linked to the clinical aspects of these disorders. Thus, leukocyte trafficking is a major target for IBD therapy. Past and emerging techniques to study leukocyte trafficking both in vitro and in vivo have expanded our knowledge of the leukocyte migration process and the role of inhibitors. Various strategies have been employed to target chemokine- and integrin-ligand interactions within the multistep adhesion cascade and the S1P/S1PR1 axis in leukocyte migration. Though there is an abundance of preclinical data demonstrating efficacy of leukocyte trafficking inhibitors, many have yet to be confirmed in clinical studies. Vigilance for toxicity and further research is required into this complex and emerging area of IBD therapy. 1. Introduction primarily occurs in the terminal ileum and proximal colon.