交通流现象与模型评述.PDFVIP

第12卷 第3期 交通运输系统工程与信息 Vol郾12 No郾3 2012 年6 月 Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology June 2012 文章编号: 1009鄄6744 (2012)03鄄0090鄄08 交通流现象与模型评述 * 关摇 伟 ,何蜀燕,马继辉 (北京交通大学 城市交通复杂系统理论与技术教育部重点实验室,北京 100044) 摘要:摇 为了解决日益严重的交通拥堵问题,近几十年来,研究人员在国内外高速公路 和城市快速路上发现了多种交通现象,并提出各种交通流模型对已发现的交通现象进 行重现和解释,目的是为交通流控制与疏导提供理论支持.本文首先对目前已发现的交 通流现象,如通行能力陡降、滞后效应、走-停交通波和同步流现象进行介绍,然后从交 通流模型中的速度、加速度和二阶加速度的宏观/ 微观,连续/ 离散表达式几方面介绍了 现有的一些交通流模型,并对模型解释交通现象的能力进行综合性评述. 关键词:摇 智能交通;交通流模型;交通流现象;快速路;交通流理论 中图分类号:摇 U491 文献标识码:摇 A Review on Traffic Flow Phenomena and Theory GUAN Wei,HE Shu鄄yan,MA Ji鄄hui (MOE Key Laboratory for Urban Transportation Complex System Theory and Technology, BeijingJiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China) Abstract:摇 Aiming at solving severetrafficcongestionprobleminmetropolitan,inthelast several decades, a number of traffic flow phenomena were discovered on freeways all over the world. Recent researches on trafficflowfocusedondevelopingtrafficmodelsandmethodologywhichcouldexplainandreproduceallthese phenomena. In this paper,observed traffic phenomena such as traffic breakdown,hysteresis,stop鄄and鄄go traffic and synchronized flow are introduced. Then traffic flow models are classified by their equations of speed,acceleration and second鄄order acceleration in macroscopic/ microscopic or continuous/ discontinuous forms. Features of these traffic models and their explanation on traffic phenomena are also discussed. Key words:摇 intelligent transportation;trafficflow model;traffic phenomenon;