半无限大空间中的电磁波-2013版文件.DOC

第三讲 半无限大空间中电磁波的传输 ——电磁波的反射与透射 Harmonic Time Dependence of Maxwell’s Equations For the homogeneous dielectric materials, the wave equations are as following: For the homogeneous conductor with conductivity of σ, the wave equations are as following: Which is called decaying (damped) wave in the conductor media. 边界条件 Boundary conditions on the source-free surface Conclusions: 1，Check how the EM waves coming form the air travel in the ideal conductor. ①For the incident ray perpendicular to the plane x=0 且 下面来看一下金属一侧的波矢 K’ 归纳一下电磁波从空气垂直入射金属导体的情况：在两种不同区域内，电磁波的表现是很不相同的。 在金属中，电磁波的振幅随传播距离的增加，指数衰减，称为“衰减波。” In the air space, Reflection of EM waves on the surface between dielectric media and the ideal conductor is: 这是在CCD或传感器上探测到的存在于空气界面一侧的驻波 通过电场，由Maxwell方程可以计算出相应的磁场： 现在我们来计算空气一侧的磁场： 现在我们来计算空气一侧的电磁场产生的能流密度S： Poynting’s Theorem—Energy Conservation 说明电磁波从空气垂直入射金属界面时，在空气一侧，沿入射和反射的光传播方向上均没有能量流动，但是有“波”存在，只是这个“波”好像“静止”在空间中，所以叫做“驻波。” ②For the incident ray non-perpendicular (oblique) to the surface Conclusions: 任意偏振方向的电磁波斜入射到理想导体表面时，反射系数的模都为1，这是一种全反射。 此时，在垂直于导体表面的方向没有有功功率流的传输，只有无功功率的吐纳。 电磁能量沿平行于导体表面的方向传输，形成有功功率流。 电磁场沿横向呈驻波，沿纵向呈快行波。——导波 2，Reflection and Transmission of EM waves on the surface between two different dielectric medium ①For the incident ray perpendicular to the surface （x0）行驻波Traveling-standing wave （x0）行波Traveling wave ②Reflection and Transmission of EM waves on the surface between two different dielectric medium Partial Reflection and Transmission of EM waves on the surface between two different dielectric medium For case of the total reflection 倏逝Evanescent waves Applications of Evanescent Waves 27 Mirror