动物生物学扁形动物门英文课件.pptVIP

Evolutionary position 结构与机能的原始性:具有与原生动物领鞭毛虫相同的领细胞，有人认为它是与领鞭毛虫有关的群体原生动物。 但是其个体发育中有细胞层存在，故定为多细胞动物。 Parazoa 海绵动物在动物进化上是一个盲枝，没有发现有其它后生动物是由海绵动物进化而来的，故称侧生动物 HIGHER CLASSIFICATION OF SPONGES 4 classes of sponges Class Calcarea (钙质海绵纲) spicules composed of calcium carbonate spicules are monaxons or tri or quadraxons all three types of sponges exhibited All less than 10 cm high ex. Leucosolenia (枝海绵) and Grantia (毛壶) found in shallow coastal waters all are marine Class Hexactinellida（六放海绵纲）(glass sponges) Spicules of Silica and fused to form a lattice（晶格） like skeleton cup or vase shaped with well developed spongocoel most beautiful example is Euplectella（偕老同穴） - venus flower basket chiefly live in 500-1000 meter depth are syconoid sponges all are marine may have commensal relationship with shrimp - where a male and female live inside the sponge; get trapped inside when they out-grow the pores of sponge Class Demospongiae （寻常海绵纲） Largest class - 95% of sponges in this class spicules are silicious if present otherwise skeleton is made of spongin variously shaped some are huge all are leuconoid all but one family is marine- Spongillidae（真海绵科）- is freshwater about 150 freshwater species this is the group from which we get our commercial sponges Class Sclerospongiae（硬质海绵纲） proposed in 1970 to include 6 species from Jamaica（牙买加） have silicious spicules and spongin also have an outer covering composed of calcium carbonate are leuconoid sponges Ecological Roles Habitat for other aquatic animals B. Food for some Ecological Roles C. Home use: bathing, cleaning, home improvement, other Ecological Roles D. Medical research Sponges do not get cancer Why not? Maybe we can use what keeps them from getting cancer to treat humans……….. Azure Vase Sponge Giant Barrel Sponge White Cryptic（隐藏的） Sponge Elephant Ear Sponge Stove pipe（火炉管） sponge Yellow Vase Sponges Yellow Barrel Sponge Red Branch Sponge How deep would the ocean