efflux in fungi la pièce de résistance射流在真菌的la之作.pdfVIP

Review ` ´ Efflux in Fungi: La Piece de Resistance Jeffrey J. Coleman, Eleftherios Mylonakis* Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America cassette (ABC) transporters and the major facilitator superfamily Abstract: Pathogens must be able to overcome both (MFS) transporters associated with secondary metabolites, such as host defenses and antimicrobial treatment in order to mycotoxins, and resistance to natural toxic compounds or successfully infect and maintain colonization of the host. antifungal drugs, which have a proven or implicated role in One way fungi accomplish this feat and overcome fungal pathogenesis (Table 1). intercellular toxin accumulation is efflux pumps, in particular ATP-binding cassette transporters and trans- porters of the major facilitator superfamily. Members of Overview of Efflux Pumps these two superfamilies remove many toxic compounds The two most extensively studied families of transporters by coupling transport with ATP hydrolysis or a proton involved in efflux are the ABC transporters and the MFS gradient, respectively. Fungal genomes encode a plethora transporters. Fungi dedicate a large amount of their genome to of members of these families of transporters compared to encoding transporters, as there are approximately t