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PLoS MEDICINE EGF Receptor-Targeted Synthetic Double- Stranded RNA Eliminates Glioblastoma, Breast Cancer, and Adenocarcinoma Tumors in Mice 1 2 2 1* Alexei Shir , Manfred Ogris , Ernst Wagner , Alexander Levitzki 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel, 2 Pharmaceutical Biology-Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, ¨ Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat, Munich, Germany Competing Interests: The authors A B S T R A C T have declared that no competing interests exist. Background Author Contributions: AS, MO, EW, and AL designed the study. AS and Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal form of brain cancer. With the available MO performed the experiments. AS treatments, survival does not exceed 12–14 mo from the time of diagnosis. We describe a novel and AL analyzed the data. AS, MO, strategy to selectively induce the death of glioblastoma cells and other cancer cells that over- EW, and AL contributed to writing the paper. express the EGF receptor. Using a non-viral delivery vector that homes to the EGF receptor, we target synthetic anti-proliferative dsRNA (polyinosine-cytosine [poly IC]), a strong activator of Academic Editor: Ed Liu, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore apoptosis, selectively to cancer cells. Citation: Shir A, Ogris M, Wagner E, Levitzki A (2006) EGF receptor- Methods and Findings targeted synthetic double-stranded RNA eliminates glioblastoma, breast Poly IC was delivered by means of a non-vira