eco-geographical diversification of bitter taste receptor genes (tas2rs) among subspecies of chimpanzees (pan troglodytes)eco-geographical苦味受体基因的多样化(tas2rs)亚种中黑猩猩(黑猩猩).pdfVIP

Eco-Geographical Diversification of Bitter Taste Receptor Genes (TAS2Rs) among Subspecies of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) 1,2 1¤ 1 3 1 1 Takashi Hayakawa , Tohru Sugawara , Yasuhiro Go , Toshifumi Udono , Hirohisa Hirai , Hiroo Imai * 1 Molecular Biology Section, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan, 2 Japan Society for Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan, 3 Kumamoto Sanctuary, Wildlife Research Center of Kyoto University, Uki, Kumamoto, Japan Abstract Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) have region-specific difference in dietary repertoires from East to West across tropical Africa. Such differences may result from different genetic backgrounds in addition to cultural variations. We analyzed the sequences of all bitter taste receptor genes (cTAS2Rs) in a total of 59 chimpanzees, including 4 putative subspecies. We identified genetic variations including single-nucleotide variations (SNVs), insertions and deletions (indels), gene-conversion variations, and copy-number variations (CNVs) in cTAS2Rs. Approximately two-thirds of all cTAS2R haplotypes in the amino acid sequence were unique to each subspecies. We analyzed the evolutionary backgrounds of natural selection behind such diversification. Our previous study concluded that diversification of cTAS2Rs in western chimpanzees (P. t. verus) may have resulted from balancing selection. In contrast, the present study found that purifying selection dominates as the evolutionary form of diversification of the so-called human cluster of cTAS2Rs in eastern chimpanzees (P. t. schweinfurthii) and