norovirus immunity and the great escape诺瓦克病毒免疫和大逃亡.pdfVIP

Pearls Norovirus Immunity and the Great Escape 1 2 2 1,2 Kari Debbink , Lisa C. Lindesmith , Eric F. Donaldson , Ralph S. Baric * 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, 2 Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America Noroviruses Represent a Significant Worldwide About 20% of people do not encode a functional FUT2 gene and Disease Burden are considered ‘‘non-secretors’’ (Figure 1D). Non-secretors are resistant to GI.1 (Norwalk virus) infection [10]; however, some Noroviruses (NoVs), members of the Calicivirus family, are other NoV strains are known to infect non-secretors, probably by small, positive-polarity RNA viruses and the most important cause attachment to Lewis carbohydrates [11–14]. GII.4 strains may of human foodborne viral gastroenteritis worldwide. These viruses predominate because the epidemic strains bind A, B, and O cause gastrointestinal disease, resulting in recurrent bouts of secretors, representative of 80% of the population. Antibodies that vomiting and diarrhea that typically last 24–48 hours. NoVs are block virus binding to HBGA are considered ‘‘blockade antibod- transmitted via the fecal–oral route, most commonly through ies’’ and are predicted to be neutralizing.