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c JOURNAL OF 2010, Scientific Horizon FUNCTION SPACES AND APPLICATIONS Volume 8, Number 2 (2010), 167–179 The convolution algebra H 1 (R) R. L. Johnson and C. R. Warner (Communicated by Sten Kaijser) 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 42B30. Keywords and phrases. Approximate identity, maximal ideal space, Tauberian theorem. Abstract. H 1 (R) is a Banach algebra which has better mapping properties under singular integrals than L1 (R). We show that its approximate identity sequences are unbounded by constructing one unbounded approximate identity sequence {vn } . We introduce a Banach algebra Q that properly lies between H 1 and L1 , and use it to show that c(1 + ln n) ≤ ||vn ||H 1 ≤ Cn1/2 . We identify the maximal ideal space of H 1 and give the appropriate version of Wiener’s Tauberian theorem. 1. Introduction The Hardy space H 1 (R) is known to have better mapping properties than L1 (R); for example the Hilbert transform and other singular integral operators are unbounded on L1 (R), but are bounded on H 1 (R). We investigate whether the properties of H 1 (R) as a convolution algebra are similarly better than those of L1 (R), in particular for spectral synthesis. In general, H 1 (R) is apparently as badly behaved for synthesis as L1 (R), but the cancellation properties of H 1 (R) ( f (x) dx = 0, if f ∈ H 1 ) functions do sometimes cause differences of behavior. For example, multiplication by characters χξ (x) = e−ixξ is bounded on L1 , but because of the cancellation 168 The convolution algebra H 1 (R)