离子液体的发展与应用（Development and application of ionic liquids）.doc

离子液体的发展与应用（Development and application of ionic liquids） Good chemical stability and wide electrochemical potential stability window; adjust the solubility of inorganic substances, water, organic compounds and polymers through the design of ions, and its acidity to super acid. As a new type of reaction medium, ionic liquids are becoming the focus of research because of their good environmental friendliness and design [2 to 3] Anastas, P., T.) and C. J. (Waner) put forward 12 principles of green chemistry, which have been cited many times in many discourses, Its content: (1) to prevent waste generation than better after its formation; (2) the synthesis design method should make the maximum amount of raw materials used in the production process into products; (3) design and synthesis methods, as far as possible, regardless of raw materials, intermediate products and final products, to the human body health and environmental non-toxic, harmless; (4) chemical products should be designed to maintain the original function at the same time, as far as non-toxic or low toxicity; (5) should be avoided as much as possible the use of solvents, separation agents and other additives, such as inevitable, also to use non-toxic harmless additives; (6) synthesis method must be considered in the reaction process of the cost of energy consumption and the environment, should try to reduce the energy consumption, the best synthesis method under normal temperature and pressure; (7) the technical feasibility and economical premise Renewable resources are used instead of expendable resources; (8) as far as possible, no derivatives are produced; (9) a highly selective catalyst is used in the synthesis process . Compared with conventional solvents, ionic liquids are used as organic chemical reactions The medium can obtain higher selectivity and faster reaction rate, and has the characteristics of mild reaction condition and friendly environment, [4 ~ 6]. A variety of important organic reactio