a political end to a pioneering career marianne beth and the psychology of religion政治结束开创性事业玛丽安u2022贝思和宗教心理学.pdfVIP

Religions 2011, 2, 247-263; doi:10.3390/rel2030247 OPEN ACCESS religions ISSN 2077-1444 /journal/religions Article A Political End to a Pioneering Career: Marianne Beth and the Psychology of Religion Jacob A. Belzen University of Amsterdam, Oude Turfmarkt 147, NL-1012 GC Amsterdam, The Netherlands; E-Mail: belzen@hum.uva.nl Received: 3 June 2011; in revised form: 23 June 2011 / Accepted: 5 July 2011 / Published: 6 July 2011 Abstract: Although forgotten in both Religionswissenschaft (the Science of Religion) and psychology, Marianne Beth (1880-1984), initially trained as a lawyer and already in 1928 called a “leading European woman”, must be considered as one of the female pioneers of these fields. She has been active especially in the psychology of religion, a field in which she, together with her husband Karl Beth, founded a research institute, an international organization and a journal . In 1932, the Beths organized in Vienna (where Karl was a professor) the largest conference ever in the history of the psychology of religion. Because of her Jewish descent, Marianne Beth fled to the USA when Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in 1938. This brought an abrupt end to her career as researcher and writer. The article reconstructs Marianne Beth‟s path into psychology, analyzes some of her work and puts her achievements in an international perspective. Keywords: Marianne Beth; Karl Beth; Vienna; International Society for Psychology of Religion; international conf