a new manet wormhole detection algorithm based on traversal time and hop count analysis一个新的马奈虫洞检测算法基于遍历时间和跳数分析.pdfVIP

Sensors 2011, 11, 11122-11140; doi:10.3390/s111211122 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Article A New MANET Wormhole Detection Algorithm Based on Traversal Time and Hop Count Analysis Jonny Karlsson 1,2,*, Laurence S. Dooley 1 and Göran Pulkkis 2 1 Department of Communication and Systems, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK; E-Mail: l.s.dooley@open.ac.uk 2 Department of Business, Information Technology and Media, Arcada University of Applied Sciences, Jan-Magnus Janssons plats 1, Helsinki 00550, Finland; E-Mail: goran.pulkkis@arcada.fi * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: karlssoj@arcada.fi; Tel.: +358-40-511-5773; Fax: +358-20-769-9556. Received: 27 September 2011; in revised form: 21 November 2011 / Accepted: 22 November 2011 / Published: 28 November 2011 Abstract: As demand increases for ubiquitous network facilities, infrastructure-less and self-configuring systems like Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) are gaining popularity. MANET routing security however, is one of the most significant challenges to wide scale adoption, with wormhole attacks being an especially severe MANET routing threat. This is because wormholes are able to disrupt a major component of network traffic, while concomitantly being extremely difficult to detect. This paper introduces a new wormhole detection paradigm based upon Traversal Time and Hop Count Analysis (TTHCA), which in comparison to existing algorithms, consistently affords superior detection perf