2016翻译讲义.docVIP

Chapter One Theory of Translation 1 Definition(s) of translation A: a social activity, an activity for cultural communication and transmission; B: to express the ideas or thoughts of the original texts in the translated one; C: to use one form of language to express the contents of another form of language; D: an art, an art to rewrite; etc. E: Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (Nida) F: Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text. (Newmark) 2 Functions of translation 3 Classification of translation 4 Two most influential translation theories: Nida: functional/dynamic equivalence 9 functions of language: Expressive; informative; cognitive; interpersonal; imperative; performative; emotive; aesthetic; metalingual Newmark: semantic translation communicative translation Section Two Standard and principle of translation 1严复：信、达、雅 2傅雷：神似 3钱钟书：化境 4鲁迅：忠实、通顺 Three translation principles in the west: 1 A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work; 2 The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original; 3 A translation should have all the ease of the original composition. Section Three Methods of translation 1 Literal trans. 1. To take off the boots or to put them on was an agony to her, but it had been an agony for years. 2. It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. 3．one country, two systems a stick-and-carrot policy to add fuel to the fire 4．All roads lead to Rome. Blood is thicker than water. There is no smoke without fire. Classroom practice: 1. crocodile’s tears 2. chain reaction 3. to kill two birds with one stone 4. to turn a deaf ear to 5. to fish in troubled waters 6. to talk black into white 7. Look before y