几种shell里的小括号,大括号结构和有括号的变量,命令的用法（The parentheses, braces, parentheses, variables, and commands used in several shell）.docVIP

几种shell里的小括号,大括号结构和有括号的变量,命令的用法（The parentheses, braces, parentheses, variables, and commands used in several shell） What I want to say here is a few parentheses in shell, braces and parentheses, and the use of commands, as follows: 1.${var} 2.$(CMD) (3.) and {} 4.${var:-string}, ${var:+string}, ${var:=string}, ${var:, string} 5.$((EXP)) 6.$(var%pattern), $(var%%pattern), $(var#pattern), $(var##pattern) Now read the following: The prototype of variables in 1.Shell: ${var} The common form of variables is $var, such as $var=test $echo $var Test But when you want to display variable values with optional characters (I use AA here), you go wrong, as follows: $echo $varAA $ You should then use the prototype of the variable: ${var}, that is, adding a brace to limit the range of variable names, as follows $echo ${var}AA TestAA $ With this feature, we can easily write a batch to change the suffix name of the program, I named it mymv, the program follows: # /bin/bash! Tail=$1 For filename in `ls` Do MV $filename ${filename}.$tail Done The program needs to provide a postfix name, such as C, which represents the C program file with the suffix C. See the following test: $LS A B C $mymv C $LS A.C B.C C.C $ It seems that the program is running well, but this is incomplete procedures, there are 2 issues to pay attention to: A, there is no subdirectory in the directory. If there is a directory, assuming it is dir, it will be changed to dir.c, which is obviously not what we want. It should be modified to recognize the directory. B, without the help of the program processing parameters, procedures should be friendly enough, should be able to handle the user without a suffix, like the above will go directly to the file with a dot (.), this is obviously not what we want. Because our purpose is to explain ${var}, this is enough, so there will be no modification to the above program. The 2. command replaces $(CMD) Command replace $(CMD) and symbol `cmd` (note that this is not a single quo