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J. Funct. Biomater. 2012, 3, 418-431; doi:10.3390/jfb3020418
OPEN ACCESS
Journal of
Functional
Biomaterials
ISSN 2079-4983
/journal/jfb/
Article
A Method for Quantitative Determination of Biofilm Viability
Ken Welch †,*, Yanling Cai † and Maria Strømme *
Division for Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences,
The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden;
E-Mail: yanling.cai@angstrom.uu.se
† These authors contributed equally to this work.
* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed;
E-Mails: maria.stromme@angstrom.uu.se (M.S.); ken.welch@angstrom.uu.se (K.W.);
Tel.: +46-18-471-7231; Fax: +46-18-471-3270.
Received: 19 March 2012; in revised form: 12 May 2012 / Accepted: 22 May 2012 /
Published: 1 June 2012
Abstract: In this study we present a scheme for quantitative determination of biofilm
viability offering significant improvement over existing methods with metabolic assays.
Existing metabolic assays for quantifying viable bacteria in biofilms usually utilize
calibration curves derived from planktonic bacteria, which can introduce large errors due to
significant differences in the metabolic and/or growth rates of biofilm bacteria in the assay
media compared to their planktonic counterparts. In the pre
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