aedes aegypti saliva alters leukocyte recruitment and cytokine signaling by antigen-presenting cells during west nile virus infection埃及伊蚊唾液改变白细胞招聘期间,抗原递呈细胞和细胞因子信号西尼罗河病毒感染.pdfVIP

Aedes aegypti Saliva Alters Leukocyte Recruitment and Cytokine Signaling by Antigen-Presenting Cells during West Nile Virus Infection 1¤ 1,2 3 1 1 Bradley S. Schneider , Lynn Soong , Lark L. Coffey , Heather L. Stevenson , Charles E. McGee , Stephen Higgs1* 1 Department of Pathology, Center for Biodefense Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America, 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America, 3 Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Group, Paris, France Abstract West Nile virus (WNV) is transmitted during mosquito bloodfeeding. Consequently, the first vertebrate cells to contact WNV are cells in the skin, followed by those in the draining lymph node. Macrophages and dendritic cells are critical early responders in host defense against WNV infection, not just because of their role in orchestrating the immune response, but also because of their importance as sites of early peripheral viral replication. Antigen-presenting cell (APC) signals have a profound effect on host antiviral responses and disease severity. During transmission, WNV is intimately associated with mosquito saliva. Due to the ability of mosquito saliva to affect inflammation and immune responses, and the importance of understanding early events in WNV infection, we investigated whether mosquito saliva alters APC signaling during arbovirus infection, and if alterations in cell recruitment occur when WNV infection is initiated with mosquito saliva. Accordingly, experiments were performed with cu