台湾及金门,马祖沿海文昌鱼之系统分类及生态研究.docVIP

台灣及金門、馬祖沿海文昌魚之系統分類及生態研究 林秀瑾1,2、林芳郁1、邵廣昭2 1國立台灣大學動物學研究所 2中央研究院動物研究所 文昌魚屬於脊索動物門（Chordata）中的頭索動物亞門（Cephalochordata），目前於台灣本島、金門、馬祖及台灣堆海域共發現有四種文昌魚，(Branchiostoma belcheri)，(Epigonichthys cultellus)、魯卡側殖文昌魚(E. lucayanus)及馬爾地夫側殖文昌魚（E. maldivensis），。DNA中12SrRNA片段所重建之類緣關係樹，顯示生殖腺及腹褶對稱發育的鰓口文昌魚屬較不對稱的側殖文昌魚屬DNA序列上並無區隔之現象。 底砂之大小為影響文昌魚地理分布及出現頻度的重要因素。白氏鰓口文昌魚常見於金門料羅灣的粗砂中；，，；，。Waters of Taiwan H. C. Lin1, 2 F.Y. Lin2 K. T. Shao1 1Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica 2Institute of Zoology National Taiwan University Taipei, TAIWAN araylin@gate.sinica.edu.tw Four species of lancelets, Branchiostoma belcheri, Epigonichthys cultellus, E. lucayanus and E. maldivensis were discovered from the coast of Taiwan, Kinmen, Matsu and Lanyu. B. belcheri collected from northeastern Taiwan was a new record species in Taiwan, E. lucayanus and E. maldivensis were first found in northern Taiwan and Lanyu. Although Genus Amphioxides (Goldschmidt, 1905) may be a valid genus, we aligned partial sequence (804bp) of 12SrRNA of mtDNA of A. pelagicus and proved this kind of lancelets is the larvae of E. lucayanus. The reconstructed phylogeny tree shows that Genus Branchiostoma, which has symmetric gonads and metapleural, is more primitive than the asymmetric Genus Epigonichthys. The genetic distance between E. lucayanus and E. maldivensis is longer than Epigonichthys and Branchiostoma. Besides, the autapomorphic character, urostyloid process, is only present on E. lucayanus. According to the differences, we proposed that Epigonichthys should be divided into two genera. Besides, the subspecies of B. belcheri tsingtauensis collected from Japan and Tsingtau did not show results differences from B. belcheri belcheri in Amoy and Kinmen in molecular data as in morphological data. The distribution pattern of lancelets should correlate to the size of substratum. B. belcheri was most abundant in Kinmen which has coarse sand with some silt and clay but very rare in Taiwan. The habitats of E. lucayanus and E. maldive