quasispecies theory and the behavior of rna viruses准物种理论和rna病毒的行为.pdfVIP

Review Quasispecies Theory and the Behavior of RNA Viruses 1 2 Adam S. Lauring , Raul Andino * 1 Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America virus sequence may be determined more by its freedom to mutate Abstract: A large number of medically important viruses, into related sequences than by its own replicative capacity. including HIV, hepatitis C virus, and influenza, have RNA Second, many viruses operate near a threshold of ‘‘error genomes. These viruses replicate with extremely high catastrophe’’ and may be combated by increasing their replication mutation rates and exhibit significant genetic diversity. error rates. Third, increasing the fidelity of genome replication This diversity allows a viral population to rapidly adapt to may paradoxically attenuate viruses. dynamic environments and evolve resistance to vaccines and antiviral drugs. For the last 30 years, quasispecies theory has provided a population-based framework for Error-Prone Replication and Viral Quasispecies understanding RNA viral evolution. A quasispecies is a Most viruses encode enzymes responsible for replicating their cloud of diverse variants that are genetically linked