rapid mass movement of chloroplasts during segment formation of the calcifying siphonalean green alga, halimeda macroloba快速的群众运动的叶绿体在段形成的钙化siphonalean绿藻,halimeda macroloba.pdfVIP

Rapid Mass Movement of Chloroplasts during Segment Formation of the Calcifying Siphonalean Green Alga, Halimeda macroloba 1,4 2 ¨ 3,4 Anthony W. D. Larkum *, Anya Salih , Michael Kuhl 1 School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia, 2 Confocal Bio-Imaging Facility, School of Natural Sciences, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia, 3 Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark, 4 Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia Abstract Background: The calcifying siphonalean green alga, Halimeda macroloba is abundant on coral reefs and is important in the production of calcium carbonate sediments. The process by which new green segments are formed over-night is revealed here for the first time. Methodology/Principal Findings: Growth of new segments was visualised by epifluorescence and confocal microscopy and by pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorimetry. Apical colourless proto-segments were initiated on day 1, and formed a loose network of non-calcified, non-septate filaments, containing no chloroplasts. Rapid greening was initiated at dusk by i) the mass movement of chloroplasts into these filaments from the parent segment and ii) the growth of new filaments containing chloroplasts. Greening was usually complete in 3–5 h and certainly before dawn on day 2 when the first signs of calcification were apparent. Mass chloroplast movement took place at a rate of ,0.65 mm/s. Photosynthetic yield and rate remained low for a period of 1 to several hours, indicating that the chloroplasts were made de novo. Use of the inhibitors colchicine and cytochalasin d indicat