英语时态及语态.pptVIP

;时态和语态(Tenses and Voices) 一、时态 英语的时态从时间上看，可分为“现在”、“过去”、“将来”和“过去将来”四大类，每一类又根据动作发生的方式可分为“一般”、进行、完成和完成进行四种情况，因此英语中共有十六种时态。以write为例，其构成形式如下：;;? ;动词时态;② My father gets up early. （习惯） ③Miss Dothy teaches English. （职业） ④This machine runs smoothly. （特征） 4〕表示客观真理、科学事实 、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在的事实 , e.g. ①Summer follows spring. （客观规律） ②The earth runs around the sun. （客观规律） ③Fire burns. （客观事实） ④Knowledge is power. （客观真理） 2.特别用法: 1〕主句是将来时态或表示将来意义,时间状语从句和条件状语从句须用一般现在时表将来,e.g. ①I’ll write to her when I have time. ②If we hurry up, we can catch the bus.;③Tell me in case you get into difficulty. 2〕主句是将来时态或表示将来意义,让步状语从句和方式状语从句须用一般现在时表将来,e.g. ①Whatever you say, I won’t pay. ②Whether you help him or not, he will fail. ③Next time I’ll do as he says. 3〕用于“the＋比较级…,the＋比较级…”中,前一个用一般现在时表将来,后一个用一般现在时表将来或一般将来时,e.g. The more you eat, the fatter you （will） become. 4〕当主句为将来时,定语从句用一般现在时表将来,eg. ① I’ll give you anything you ask for. ② He’ll give anyone ＄5，000 who help him with his Russian ;5〕表示按规定、时间表 、计划或安排要发生的动作,用一般现在时表将来,e.g. ①Are you on duty next weekend? ②The train leaves at 12:00. 6〕在make sure （弄清楚）,make certain （弄清楚） ,mind （注意）,watch （注意）,take care （注意,当心） be careful （注意,当心）等后的that从句中用一般现在时表将来,e.g. ①We must take care that no one sees us. ②Make sure you lock the door before you leave. ③Be careful that you don’t hurt her feelings. ④Watch that the baby doesn’t go near the heater. 7〕在it doesn’t matter, I don’t care, I don’t mind等结构后以及类似结构后的名词性从句用一般现在时表将来,e.g. ;①It doesn’t matter where we go on holiday. ②Does it matter who goes first? ③I don’t care whether we win or lose. 8〕主句是将来完成时态,从句有by the time 所引导的从句用一般现在时表将来（主句是过去完成时态,从句有by the time 所引导的从句用一般过去时）,e.g. By the time he comes, I’ll have left. （ By the time he came, I had left. ） 二.一般过去时态（did式）: 1.基本用法: 1〕表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作,e.g. We often played together when we were children. 注:表示过去习惯性的动作,可用would, used to, e.g.He used to work by bus. ;2〕表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态: ①He bought the computer five years ago. ②It was then a small fishing village. 2.特别用法: 1〕表客气或委婉的现在: ①