how hiv takes advantage of the cytoskeleton in entry and replication艾滋病毒是如何利用入口和复制的细胞骨架.pdfVIP

Viruses 2011, 3, 293-311; doi:10.3390/v3040293 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 /journal/viruses Review How HIV Takes Advantage of the Cytoskeleton in Entry and Replication Bettina Stolp and Oliver T. Fackler * Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; E-Mail: bettina.stolp@med.uni-heidelberg.de * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: oliver.fackler@med.uni-heidelberg.de; Tel.: +49-6221-56-1322; Fax: +49-6221-56-5003. Received: 2 February 2011; in revised form: 11 March 2011 / Accepted: 19 March 2011 / Published: 28 March 2011 Abstract: The host cell cytoskeleton plays a key role in the life cycle of viral pathogens whose propagation depends on mandatory intracellular steps. Accordingly, also the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has evolved strategies to exploit and modulate in particular the actin cytoskeleton for its purposes. This review w ill recapitulate recent findings on how HIV-1 hijacks the cytoskeleton to facilitate entry into, transport within and egress from host cells as well as to commandeer communication of infected with uninfected bystander cells. Keywords: HIV; actin cytoskeleton; entry; Nef; cofilin 1. Introduction Dynamic cellular processes such as cell motility, cell division, intracellular transport and endocytosis depend on the cytoskeleton comprised of actin, microtubule