molecular signatures of hepatitis c virus (hcv)-induced type ii mixed cryoglobulinemia (mcii)丙型肝炎病毒(hcv)的分子签名球蛋白血症引起全身的ii型混合(mcii).pdfVIP

Viruses 2012, 4, 2924-2944; doi:10.3390/v4112924 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 /journal/viruses Review Molecular Signatures of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)-Induced Type II Mixed Cryoglobulinemia (MCII) Giuseppe Sautto *, Nicasio Mancini, Massimo Clementi and Roberto Burioni Microbiology and Virology Unit, “Vita-Salute” San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, Milan 20132, Italy; E-Mails: mancini.nicasio@hsr.it (N.M.); clementi.massimo@hsr.it (M.C.); burioni.roberto@hsr.it (R.B.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: sautto.giuseppe@hsr.it; Tel.: +39-02-2643-5082; Fax: +39-02-2643-4288. Received: 1 October 2012; in revised form: 29 October 2012 / Accepted: 5 November 2012 / Published: 8 November 2012 Abstract: The role of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the induction of type II mixed cryoglobulinemia (MCII) and the possible establishment of related lymphoproliferative disorders, such as B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), is well ascertained. However, the molecular pathways involved and the factors predisposing to the development of these HCV-related extrahepatic complications deserve further consideration and clarification. To date, several host- and virus-related factors have been implicated in the progression to MCII, such as the virus-induced expansion of selected subsets of B-cell clones expressing discrete immunoglobulin variable (IgV) gene