原创力文档mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis as a trigger of type-1 diabetes destination sardinia, or beyond鸟型分支杆菌无性系种群。.pdfVIP
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mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis as a trigger of type-1 diabetes destination sardinia, or beyond鸟型分支杆菌无性系种群。
Rani et al. Gut Pathogens 2010, 2:1
/content/2/1/1
R E V I E W Open Access
Review
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis as a
trigger of type-1 diabetes: destination Sardinia, or
beyond?
1 2 1
Pittu Sandhya Rani , Leonardo A Sechi* and Niyaz Ahmed*
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease in which the insulin producing β cell
population is destroyed by the infiltrated T lymphocytes. Even though the exact cause of T1DM is yet to be ascertained,
varying degree of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors have been linked to the disease progress and
outcome. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is an obligate zoonotic pathogen that causes chronic
infection of intestines in ruminants, the Johnes disease. MAP that can even survive pasteurization and chlorination has
also been implicated to cause similar type of enteritis in humans called Crohns disease. With the increasing
recognition of the link between MAP and Crohns disease, it has been postulated that MAP is an occult antigen which
besides Crohns could as well be thought to trigger T1DM. Epitope homologies between mycobacterial proteins (Hsp
65) and pancreatic glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD 65) and infant nutrition studies implicate MAP as one of the
triggers for T1DM. PCR and ELISA analyses in diabetic patients from Sardinia suggest that MAP acts as a possible trigger
for T1DM. Systematic mechanistic insights are needed to prove this link. Unfort unately, no easy animal model(s) or in-
vitro systems are available to decipher the complex immunological network that is triggered in MAP infection leading
to T1DM.
Type 1 diabetes and MAP known [6-8]. Genetic predisposition
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