new developments in osteoarthritis. posttraumatic osteoarthritis pathogenesis and pharmacological treatment options骨关节炎的新发展。.pdfVIP

Lotz Arthritis Research Therapy 2010, 12:211 /content/12/3/211 R E V I E W Posttraumatic osteoarthritis: pathogenesis and pharmacological treatment options Martin K Lotz* of additional OA risk factors, such as obesity, joint Abstract malalignment or genetic risk factors, leads to a more Joint trauma can lead to a spectrum of acute lesions, severe outcome. Between 60 and 80% of patients with including osteochondral fractures, ligament or magnetic resonance imaging or arthroscopically docu- meniscus tears and damage to the articular cartilage. mented cartilage injury developed cartilage degeneration This is often associated with intraarticular bleeding and within 5 years [6,7]. Patients with anterior cruciate liga- causes posttraumatic joint inl ammation. Although the ment (ACL)-defi cient knees, with or without a concomi- acute symptoms resolve and some of the lesions can tant meniscus injury, are at high risk for posttraumatic be surgically repaired, joint injury triggers a chronic OA [5,8]. Previous concepts that residual joint instability remodeling process in cartilage and other joint tissues after ACL reconstruction is the cause of OA have not been that ultimately manifests as osteoarthritis in a majority confi rmed as OA develops in joints with ACL injuries even of cases. The objective of the present review is to if reconstructive surgery successfully nor mal izes joint summarize information on pathogenetic mechanisms biomechanics. h ese observations empha size th