pros and cons of adopting water-wise approaches in the lower reaches of the amu darya a socio-economic view采用water-wise方法的利弊在阿姆河的下游社会经济的观点.pdfVIP

下载本文档

4
0
约6.82万字
约 17页
2017-09-11 发布于上海
举报
版权申诉

pros and cons of adopting water-wise approaches in the lower reaches of the amu darya a socio-economic view采用water-wise方法的利弊在阿姆河的下游社会经济的观点.pdf

1、原创力文档（book118）网站文档一经付费（服务费），不意味着购买了该文档的版权，仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用，不得用于商业用途，未经授权，严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等，侵权必究。。
2、本站所有内容均由合作方或网友上传，本站不对文档的完整性、权威性及其观点立场正确性做任何保证或承诺！文档内容仅供研究参考，付费前请自行鉴别。如您付费，意味着您自己接受本站规则且自行承担风险，本站不退款、不进行额外附加服务；查看《如何避免下载的几个坑》。如果您已付费下载过本站文档，您可以点击这里二次下载。
3、如文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等，请点击“版权申诉”（推荐），也可以打举报电话：400-050-0827(电话支持时间：9:00-18:30)。
4、该文档为VIP文档，如果想要下载，成为VIP会员后，下载免费。
5、成为VIP后，下载本文档将扣除1次下载权益。下载后，不支持退款、换文档。如有疑问请联系我们。
6、成为VIP后，您将拥有八大权益，权益包括：VIP文档下载权益、阅读免打扰、文档格式转换、高级专利检索、专属身份标志、高级客服、多端互通、版权登记。
7、VIP文档为合作方或网友上传，每下载1次，网站将根据用户上传文档的质量评分、类型等，对文档贡献者给予高额补贴、流量扶持。如果你也想贡献VIP文档。上传文档

pros and cons of adopting water-wise approaches in the lower reaches of the amu darya a socio-economic view采用water-wise方法的利弊在阿姆河的下游社会经济的观点

Water 2010, 2, 200-216; doi:10.3390/w2020200 OPEN ACCESS water ISSN 2073-4441 /journal/water Article Pros and Cons of Adopting Water-Wise Approaches in the Lower Reaches of the Amu Darya: A Socio-Economic View Maksud Bekchanov 1,*, John P.A. Lamers 2 and Christopher Martius 1, 3 1 Center for Development Research (ZEF), Bonn University, D-53113 Bonn, Germany 2 ZEF/UNESCO (Khorezm) Project, Urgench State University, 220100 Urgench, Uzbekistan; E-Mail: j.lamers@zef.uzpak.uz 3 Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil; E-Mail: cmartius@ * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: E-Mail: maksud@uni-bonn.de; Tel.: +49-228-73-4962; Fax: +49-228-73-1889. Received: 1 March 2010; in revised form: 18 March 2010 / Accepted: 6 May 2010 / Published: 20 May 2010 Abstract: The increased frequency of water shortages parallel to growing demands for agricultural commodities in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya River, Central Asia, calls for improving the system-level water use efficiency, by using interventions at the field level. Despite the existence of various best practices of effective water use (defined here as “water-wise options”), they are not widely adopted by farmers owing to high initial costs of investment and lack of the necessary knowledge and skills of a new generation of farmers after the Soviet era. For assessing the potential of several water-wise techniques, key indicators