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Available online /content/8/6/R157 Vol 8 No 6 Open Access Research article PUMA-mediated apoptosis in fibroblast-like synoviocytes does not require p53 Xin You, David L Boyle, Deepa Hammaker and Gary S Firestein Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA Corresponding author: Gary S Firestein, gfirestein@ Received: 5 Jul 2006 Revisions requested: 14 Aug 2006 Revisions received: 13 Sep 2006 Accepted: 2 Oct 2006 Published: 2 Oct 2006 Arthritis Research Therapy 2006, 8:R157 (doi:10.1186/ar2052) This article is online at: /content/8/6/R157 © 2006 You et al ; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract PUMA (p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis) is a pro- measure histone release and caspase-3 activation, or by trypan apoptotic gene that can induce rapid cell death through a p53- blue dye exclusion to measure cell viability. Initial studies dependent mechanism. However, the efficacy of PUMA gene showed that p53 siRNA decreased p53 expression by more therapy to induce synovial apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis than 98% in human FLS. Loss of p53 increased the growth rate might have limited efficacy if p53 expression or function is of cells and suppressed p21 expression. However, PUMA still deficient. To evaluate this issue, studies