quantitative analysis of organelle distribution and dynamics in physcomitrella patens protonemal cells细胞器的分布和动态的定量分析physcomitrella金属盘protonemal细胞.pdfVIP

Furt et al. BMC Plant Biology 2012, 12:70 /1471-2229/12/70 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Quantitative analysis of organelle distribution and dynamics in Physcomitrella patens protonemal cells 1 2 2 1* Fabienne Furt , Kyle Lemoi , Erkan Tüzel and Luis Vidali Abstract Background: In the last decade, the moss Physcomitrella patens has emerged as a powerful plant model system, amenable for genetic manipulations not possible in any other plant. This moss is particularly well suited for plant polarized cell growth studies, as in its protonemal phase, expansion is restricted to the tip of its cells. Based on pollen tube and root hair studies, it is well known that tip growth requires active secretion and high polarization of the cellular components. However, such information is still missing in Physcomitrella patens. To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying the participation of organelle organization in tip growth, it is essential to determine the distribution and the dynamics of the organelles in moss cells. Results: We used fluorescent protein fusions to visualize and track Golgi dictyosomes, mitochondria, and peroxisomes in live protonemal cells. We also visualized and tracked chloroplasts based on chlorophyll auto-fluorescence. We showed that in protonemata all four organelles are distributed in a gradient from the tip of the apical cell to the base of the sub-apical cell. For example, the density of Golgi dictyosomes is 4.7 and 3.4 times higher at the tip than at the base in caulonemata and chloronemata respectively. While Golgi stacks are concentrated at the extreme tip of the caulonemata, chloroplasts and peroxisomes are totally excluded. Interestingly, caulonemata, which grow faster than chloronemata, also contain significantly m