原创力文档risk assessment of diesel exhaust and lung cancer combining human and animal studies after adjustment for biases in epidemiological studies柴油机尾气和肺癌的风险评估结合人类和动物研究调整后的偏见在流行病学研究.pdfVIP
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risk assessment of diesel exhaust and lung cancer combining human and animal studies after adjustment for biases in epidemiological studies柴油机尾气和肺癌的风险评估结合人类和动物研究调整后的偏见在流行病学研究
Pedeli et al. Environmental Health 2011, 10:30
/content/10/1/30
RESEARCH Open Access
Risk assessment of diesel exhaust and lung
cancer: combining human and animal studies
after adjustment for biases in epidemiological
studies
1 2 1*
Xanthi Pedeli , Gerard Hoek and Klea Katsouyanni
Abstract
Background: Risk assessment requires dose-response data for the evaluation of the relationship between exposure
to an environmental stressor and the probability of developing an adverse health effect. Information from human
studies is usually limited and additional results from animal studies are often needed for the assessment of risks in
humans. Combination of risk estimates requires an assessment and correction of the important biases in the two
types of studies. In this paper we aim to illustrate a quantitative approach to combining data from human and
animal studies after adjusting for bias in human studies. For our purpose we use the example of the association
between exposure to diesel exhaust and occurrence of lung cancer.
Methods: Firstly, we identify and adjust for the main sources of systematic error in selected human studies of the
association between occupational exposure to diesel exhaust and occurrence of lung cancer. Evidence from
selected animal studies is also accounted for by extrapolating to average ambient, occupational exposure
concentrations of diesel exhaust. In a second stage, the bias adjusted effect estimates are combined in a common
effect measure through meta-analysis.
Results: The random-effects pooled estimate (RR) for exposure to diesel exhaust vs. non-exposure was found 1.37
(95% C.I.: 1.08-1.65) in animal studies and 1.59 (95% C.I.: 1.09-2.10) in human studies, whilst the overall was found
equal to 1.49 (95% C.I.: 1.21-1
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