原创力文档saharan dust and association between particulate matter and case-specific mortality a case-crossover analysis in madrid (spain)撒哈拉沙漠的灰尘和颗粒物之间的联系和作用死亡率case-crossover分析在马德里(西班牙).pdfVIP
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saharan dust and association between particulate matter and case-specific mortality a case-crossover analysis in madrid (spain)撒哈拉沙漠的灰尘和颗粒物之间的联系和作用死亡率case-crossover分析在马德里(西班牙)
Díaz et al. Environmental Health 2012, 11:11
/content/11/1/11
RESEARCH Open Access
Saharan dust and association between particulate
matter and case-specific mortality: a case-
crossover analysis in Madrid (Spain)
1 2* 3,4
Julio Díaz , Aurelio Tobías and Cristina Linares
Abstract
Background: Saharan dust intrusions are a common phenomenon in the Madrid atmosphere, leading induce
exceedances of the 50 μg/m3- EU 24 h standard for PM10.
Methods: We investigated the effects of exposure to PM10 between January 2003 and December 2005 in Madrid
(Spain) on daily case-specific mortality; changes of effects between Saharan and non-Saharan dust days were
assessed using a time-stratified case-crossover design.
Results: Saharan dust affected 20% of days in the city of Madrid. Mean concentration of PM10 was higher during
3 3 3
dust days (47.7 μg/m ) than non-dust days (31.4 μg/m ). The rise of mortality per 10 μg/m PM10 concentration
were always largely for Saharan dust-days. When stratifying by season risks of PM10, at lag 1, during Saharan dust
days were stronger for respiratory causes during cold season (IR% = 3.34% (95% CI: 0.36, 6.41) versus 2.87% (95%
CI: 1.30, 4.47)) while for circulatory causes effects were stronger during warm season (IR% = 4.19% (95% CI: 1.34,
7.13) versus 2.65% (95% CI: 0.12, 5.23)). No effects were found for cerebrovascular causes.
Conclusions: We found evidence of strongest effects of particulate matter during Saharan dust days, providing a
suggestion of effect modification, even though interaction terms were not statistically significant. Further
investigation is needed to understand the mechanis
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