农村留守妇女的婚姻稳定性的分析研究--_--针对豫东HC村的调查分析.pdfVIP

摘 要 改革开放以来，随着农村劳动力大规模外移，我国农村社会出现了一个独 特的留守妇女群体。由于丈夫长期外出打工，妻子们留守家庭，她们肩负着本 应由夫妻双方共同承担的生产劳动和家庭抚养、赡养责任，被称为“农村留守 妇女”。 农村留守妇女婚姻的最基本特征就是夫妻之间的长期分居，即农村留 守妇女与流入城市务工经商的丈夫长期分居，当然其婚姻关系还是继续维持着。 夫妻长期的空间分离不仅使留守妇女婚姻的许多功能无法得以实现，也使她们 的婚姻稳定面临诸多挑战。婚姻的稳定与否不仅关乎农村留守妇女个人的幸福， 而且影响到农村社会的和谐与稳定。 笔者通过对豫东HC村留守妇女离异意向的问卷调查和统计数据及访谈资料 的分析，评估了农村留守妇女的婚姻稳定性状况，并运用社会交换理论分析了 影响农村留守妇女婚姻稳定性的因素。研究认为，丈夫外出务工，妻子留守在 家，长期的空间分离造成了夫妻间内在吸引力弱化，社会流动的增强使婚姻替 代吸引力有所增加，但由于农村传统的婚姻观念、家族家庭网络的制约、子女 因素、留守妇女的经济依附性及对离异不良后果的顾虑等因素使得婚姻解体的 社会成本过大，因此留守妇女的婚姻仍处于高稳定状态。但前两种力量对留守 妇女婚姻稳定性的冲击不容忽视。 关键词：农村留守妇女；婚姻稳定性；离异意向 II Abstract The women left in rural areas while their husbands have gone out for jobs in city areas are a new group that arises along with population shifts since reforming and opening in China. The women left in rural areas assume the responsibilities of the productive labor and the upbringing and support of a family alone that should be undertaken by the couple. Their marriages most essential feature is the long-term living apart between the husbands and their wives. Of course, their marriage relation continues to maintain. The long-term space separation causes many marriage functions not be able to realize, and the stability of marriage faced with many challenges. The stability of marriage concerns woman’s individual happiness, and affects rural community’s harmony. This paper adopts the social exchange theory to examine the state of marriage of women who remain in the HC village after their husbands have left for cities to seek employment. It suggests that the separation between the husbands and wife decreases marital ties and increases chances for substitution. Given the high social costs of dissolution of marriages in the countryside, however, women who remain in village still try to keep their marriage intact. In any event, these ar