statistics review 6 nonparametric methods统计回顾6非参数方法.pdfVIP

Available online /content/6/6/509 Review Statistics review 6: Nonparametric methods Elise Whitley1 and Jonathan Ball2 1Lecturer in Medical Statistics, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK 2Lecturer in Intensive Care Medicine, St George’s Hospital Medical School, London, UK Correspondence: Editorial Office, Critical Care, editorial@ Published online: 13 September 2002 Critical Care 2002, 6:509-513 (DOI 10.1186/cc1820) This article is online at /content/6/6/509 © 2002 BioMed Central Ltd (Print ISSN 1364-8535; Online ISSN 1466-609X) Abstract The present review introduces nonparametric methods. Three of the more common nonparametric methods are described in detail, and the advantages and disadvantages of nonparametric versus parametric methods in general are discussed. Keywords nonparametric methods, sign test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, Wilcoxon rank sum test Many statistical methods require assumptions to be made about ally be applied. For example, Table 1 presents the relative risk the format of the data to be analysed. For example, the paired t- of mortality from 16 studies in which the outcome of septic test introduced in Statistics review 5 requires that the distribu- patients who developed acute renal failure as a complication tion of the differences be approximately Normal, while the was compared with outcomes in those who did not. The rela- unpaired t-test requires an assumption of Normality to hold sep- tive risk calculated in each study compares the risk of dying arately for both sets of observations. Fortunately, these assump- between patients with renal failure and those w