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the contribution of multilateral nuclear approaches (mnas) to the sustainability of nuclear energy多边核方法的贡献u201d)核能源的可持续性.pdf

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the contribution of multilateral nuclear approaches (mnas) to the sustainability of nuclear energy多边核方法的贡献u201d)核能源的可持续性

Sustainability 2012, 4, 1755-1775; doi:10.3390/su4081755 OPEN ACCESS sustainability ISSN 2071-1050 /journal/sustainability Dissertation The Contribution of Multilateral Nuclear Approaches (MNAs) to the Sustainability of Nuclear Energy Makiko Tazaki * and Yusuke Kuno Nuclear Non-Proliferation Research Laboratory, Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan; E-Mail: kuno.yusuke@n.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: tazaki@n.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp; Tel.: +81-029-284-3851; Fax: +81-029-284-3678. Received: 2 July 2012; in revised form: 24 July 2012 / Accepted: 30 July 2012 / Published: 13 August 2012 Abstract: Multilateral Nuclear Approaches (MNAs) is a concept of international and/or multilateral control of nuclear material and/or nuclear fuel cycle facilities. It is a strategy for contributing to and promoting the sustainability of nuclear energy while enhancing nuclear nonproliferation, by ensuring nuclear fuel supplies and fuel cycle services, and risk control and reducing risk regarding nuclear safety. In order to establish such a MNA, the authors draw out 12 features of the MNA by analyzing various past and current MNA proposals, together with the current environment surrounding nuclear energy use. Those proposals are: (A) nuclear nonproliferation, (B) assurance of supply of nuclear material and fuel cycle services, (C) access to technologies, (D) multilateral involvement