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Sustainability 2010, 2, 3479-3499; doi:10.3390/su2113479 OPEN ACCESS sustainability ISSN 2071-1050 /journal/sustainability Review The Contribution of Wildlife to Sustainable Natural Resource Utilization in Namibia: A Review 1 2 1 Diana L. van Schalkwyk , Kenneth W. McMillin , R. Corli Witthuhn and Louw C. Hoffman 1,* 1 University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa; E-Mails: foodsafetynam@ (D.L.S.); rcwit@sun.ac.za (C.R.W.) 2 Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 116C Francioni Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; E-Mail: kmcmillin@ * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: lch@sun.ac.za; Tel.: +27-21-808-4747; Fax: +27-21-808-4747. Received: 21 September 2010; in revised form: 18 October 2010 / Accepted: 12 November 2010 / Published: 15 November 2010 Abstract: Namibia is the driest country in sub-Saharan Africa, but well known for its richness in species and sustainable natural resource utilization. The Namibian farming sector consists mainly of extensive farming systems. Cattle production contributes 54% of the livestock sector’s production output, followed by sheep and goats (25%), hides and skins (9%), and other forms of agricultural production (12%). Namibia’s freehold farmers have obtained ownership rights over land and livestock since the early 1900s; commercial rights over wildlife and plants