CostBenefitAnalysis成本收益分析.ppt

University of Washington Extension March 4, 2009 Cost Benefit Analysis Geography CP300 : GIS Certificate Program Cost Benefit Analysis C/B Analysis involves weighing the costs of (proposed) projects against their anticipated, and estimated, benefits. Why Do It ? In most organizations, capital investments (ie, projects) must be compared against each other and analyzed objectively. In public agencies, C/B analysis also provides documentation as to the true value of investments. Estimating Costs can be difficult, but… Estimating Benefits is the real challenge Cost Benefit Analysis What, why who Its mostly an inexact science, guided by basic economic principles common sense. It’s a better approach than approving projects based on vague assertions of needs or problems that need to be solved and/or the charisma of project sponsors. Project Managers lead the effort to develop costs, with support from a variety of experts. An economist, assisted by the user community, should lead the actual analysis and assignment of dollar values for benefits. Estimating Benefits Benefits are the services and capabilities of a system or application that can be viewed as returns on investment. Benefits: ………… Benefits to a Sponsoring Agency include: increased revenue, avoided costs, improved productivity Benefits to customers include: Improvements to current services New or additional services Lower costs or rates Cost Benefit Analysis Traditional Financial Analysis Considers cost to implement a project and the tangible benefits accrued from the investment Focuses on the Direct Financial Impacts to the agency sponsoring the project Cost Benefit Analysis Triple Bottom Line Analysis Includes Capital, as well as Operations and Maintenance funding Replacement costs Considers a wider range of benefits and costs Also includes Social and Environmental benefits and costs Recognizes benefits and costs to Customers and the Community Technology projects in general are hard to cost