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the role of the transmembrane ring finger proteins in cellular and organelle function无名指跨膜蛋白的作用在细胞和细胞器的功能.pdf

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the role of the transmembrane ring finger proteins in cellular and organelle function无名指跨膜蛋白的作用在细胞和细胞器的功能

Membranes 2011, 1, 354-393; doi:10.3390/membranes1040354 OPEN ACCESS membranes ISSN 2077-0375 /journal/membranes Review The Role of the Transmembrane RING Finger Proteins in Cellular and Organelle Function Nobuhiro Nakamura Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B13 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan; E-Mail: nnakamur@bio.titech.ac.jp; Tel.: +81-45-924-5726; Fax: +81-45-924-5824 Received: 26 October 2011; in revised form: 24 November 2011 / Accepted: 5 December 2011 / Published: 9 December 2011 Abstract: A large number of RING finger (RNF) proteins are present in eukaryotic cells and the majority of them are believed to act as E3 ubiquitin ligases. In humans, 49 RNF proteins are predicted to contain transmembrane domains, several of which are specifically localized to membrane compartments in the secretory and endocytic pathways, as well as to mitochondria and peroxisomes. They are thought to be molecular regulators of the organization and integrity of the functions and dynamic architecture of cellular membrane and membranous organelles. Emerging evidence has suggested that transmembrane RNF proteins control the stability, trafficking and activity of proteins that are involved in many aspects of cellular and physiological processes. This review summarizes the current knowledge of mammalian transmembrane RNF proteins, focusing on their roles and significance. Keywords: endocytosis; ERAD; immune regulation; membrane trafficking; mitochondr