生物必修2知识点（Biology requires 2 knowledge points）.doc

生物必修2知识点（Biology requires 2 knowledge points） Biology requires 2 knowledge points Required II Chapter one 1. Mendel discovered the laws of biological inheritance by analyzing the results of pea hybridization experiments. 2. Mendel in hybridization experiments, remove all stamens of immature flowers, this is called castration. 3. the different manifestations of the same character of a species are called relative traits. 4., Mendel showed the characters of F1, called dominant characters, and the characters that did not appear were called recessive characters. In the offspring of a hybrid The appearance of dominant and recessive characters is called trait segregation. 5. Mendel proposed the following hypothesis about the cause of the separation: (1) biological traits are determined by genetic factors, in which the dominant trait that determines the apparent trait is expressed in uppercase letters Recessive character is recessive heredity factor, use lower case letter to indicate. (2) the genetic factors in somatic cells are paired, and the genetic factors that constitute the same individual are called homozygote, and the genetic factors are different The individual is called heterozygote. (3) when living organisms form gametes, gametes, paired genetic factors are separated from each other into different gametes, only in gametes Containing one of each pair of genetic factors. (4) when fertilized, the binding of the male and female gametes is random. 6. test cross is to let F1 and recessive homozygote cross. 7. Mendels first law, also called the separation law. In biological somatic cells, genetic factors that control the same trait are not compatible with each other When the gametes are formed, the paired genetic factors are separated, and the isolated genetic factors enter into different gametes, leaving the gametes as gametes Pass on to posterity. Chapter 1, verse second 1. Mendel with pure yellow and pure green pea round marrowfat as hybrid parents, either orthogonal