第四章 细胞与细胞工程（The fourth chapter is cell and cell engineering）.docVIP

第四章 细胞与细胞工程（The fourth chapter is cell and cell engineering） The fourth chapter is cell and cell engineering A biofilm system of cells Difficult discrimination 1. how do we understand the structural continuity of intracellular membranes? From the chemical composition of biological membrane, it is mainly composed of protein, lipid and a small amount of carbohydrates, but the proportion of proteins and lipids in different membranes is different, and the binding degree of different components of different membranes is different. The basic structure is composed of phospholipid bilayer, the basic skeleton. The phospholipids and protein membrane mostly can move in a certain range, not static, fixed, this structure can withstand a certain degree of deformation and rupture, and can make each component in the film according to the need to adjust its distribution. In the biofilm can be said that Er is in the center position in all kinds of membrane structure connection, which can be directly connected with the nuclear membrane, cell membrane, mitochondria membrane, and can help with membrane vesicles, by budding in the form of indirect contact with Golgi. Thus, in the living cell, the composition of the membrane can be transformed directly or indirectly. These problems can be proved by isotopic tracing that the structure of the biofilm in the cell has a certain continuity. 2. function of biomembrane system (1) cell membranes, also called plasma membranes, play an important role in cell life, because all the connections and reactions between cells and the environment must pass through the plasma membrane. Its main function is to realize material exchange. There are three main pathways for the molecular transport of substances into and out of the cell through the plasma membrane, namely, free diffusion, active transport, endocytosis, and efflux. Realize signal conversion. Direct contact between cells, please, Other cells are affected by signaling molecules bound to the plasma