粗饲料生物学处理的研究进展（Advances in biological treatment of roughage）.doc

粗饲料生物学处理的研究进展（Advances in biological treatment of roughage） College of animal science and technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Ji Fengjie, Yang Lianyu Abstract: This paper mainly expounds the biological treatment of crude feed mechanism, the choice of microorganism strains, straw by biological treatment, animal feeding effect of straw biological treatment factors, existing problems and research hotspot. Cellulose is the most abundant polysaccharide in the earth, 50% of the global biomass comes from natural cellulose, with an estimated annual output of about 100~500 billion T (Li Xin, 2000). Chinas fiber resources are very rich, the annual straw yield of 570 million T, accounting for 20%~30% of the world total straw production, however, less than 10% used as feed (Li Riqiang, 2001). If we can make full and effective use of these resources, it will alleviate the three major crises of food, energy and environment that mankind is facing today, and it is also one of the important ways to realize the strategy of agricultural sustainable development. However, due to the high content of coarse fiber, low protein and mineral content and poor palatability of straw feed, it leads to low digestibility of livestock and poultry, which limits its application. Therefore, when feeding animals, pretreatment must be carried out to improve their nutritional value and palatability. Preconditioning involves physical, chemical, and biological methods. At present, the biological method is mainly used to degrade cellulose, that is, to degrade cellulose by microorganisms which can secrete effective enzymes. 1. the mechanism of biological treatment of roughage The main components of low quality roughage such as crop straw are fibrous substances, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) accounts for about 70%~80% of dry matter and acid detergent fiber (ADF) About 50%~60% of dry matter, while crude protein content is very little, Contains only 3%~6%. NDF, including cellulose, hemicellulose, lign